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Kenneth G. Wilson (1923–).  The Columbia Guide to Standard American English.  1993.
 
officer, cop, patrolman, peace officer, policeman, police officer, policewoman (nn.)
 
 
Officer and police officer are still and increasingly the best Standard designations for a member of a police force; sometimes police officers are distinguished from other officers by being called peace officers, especially if they’re not actually police but rather are sheriffs, deputies, marshals, constables, etc. Although technically a patrolman is not an officer, the term is the only word that will work in direct address except another rank: What’s the problem, officer [sergeant]? Unlike policeman and policewoman, police officer and officer are inclusive. Cop is still widely used and is also inclusive, but it’s slang.  1
 
 
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Copyright © 1993 Columbia University Press.

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