The government ordered vineyards in areas suitable for grain production uprooted and replaced with wheat and other crops. The move was an attempt to decrease Portuguese need to import grain, but it was unsuccessful.
Censorship transferred from the Church to the state. A royal printing press established. Such reforms were paid for through a tax on wine, brandy, and vinegar.
MARIA I, the daughter of Joseph I, queen. She married her uncle Peter, who assumed the title of king as Peter III but who died in 1786. Under Maria, the nobility began to recover its position. Pombal was exiled (d. 1782) but his reform policies continued.
