1282-1328. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History

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III. The Postclassical Period, 500–1500 > F. Europe, 461–1500 > 7. Eastern Europe, 1300–1500 > f. The Byzantine Empire > 1282–1328

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The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001.


1282–1328

ANDRONICUS II, the son of Michael, a learned, pious, but weak ruler whose first move was to give up the hated union with Rome and conciliate the Orthodox clergy.	1

1285

Venice deserted the Angevin alliance and made a ten-year peace with the Greeks.	2

1295–1320

MICHAEL IX, son of Andronicus, co-emperor with his father.	3

1296

The Serbs, continuing their advance, conquered western Macedonia and northern Albania. Andronicus was obliged to recognize these losses (1298).	4

1302

Peace between the Angevins and the Aragonese. Andronicus, once again exposed to Angevin ambition, engaged Roger de Flor, commander of a body of mercenaries called the Catalan Grand Company, to fight against the Italians. They raised havoc at Constantinople, where 3,000 Italians are said to have been killed in the disorders.	5

1302, July 27

At Bapheus in Bithynia (northwest Asia Minor) the Ottoman Turks inflicted a severe defeat on the Greeks under George Mouzalon; fatal weakening of the Byzantine position, with Bithynia soon overrun by the Ottomans.	6

1304

The Catalans repulsed an attack of the Turks on Philadelphia, but then turned and attacked Constantinople (1305–7), without being able to take it.	7

1305

Murder of Roger de Flor. The Catalan Company became a veritable scourge, roaming through Thrace and Macedonia and laying waste to the country.	8

1311

The Catalans, having advanced into Greece, took the duchy of Athens, where they set up a dynasty of their own.	9

1321–28

Civil war between the emperor and his grandson Andronicus. In the course of the struggle much of the empire was devastated.	10

1325

Andronicus was obliged to accept his grandson as co-emperor.	11

1328–41

ANDRONICUS III, the grandson of Andronicus II, who forced the emperor's abdication (d. 1332). Andronicus III was a frivolous and irresponsible ruler, unequal to the great problems presented by the rise of the Ottoman and Serb powers.	12


The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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