Presidents: Enrico de Nicola (1946–48); Luigi Einaudi (1948–55); Giovanni Gronchi (1955–62); Antonio Segni (1962–64); Guiseppe Saragat (1964–71); Giovanni Leone (1971–78); Alessandro Pertini (1978–85); Francesco Cossiga (1985–92); Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992– ).
With the transfer of Bolzano province by the Allies, the whole country, except for Venezia Giulia (claimed by both Italy and Yugoslavia), was under Italian sovereignty.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly gave 207 seats (out of 556) to the Christian Democrats, 115 to the Socialists, and 104 to the Communists. At the same time, a referendum rejected the monarchy, 12,717,923 votes to 10,719,284, thus making ITALY A REPUBLIC.
