| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05. |
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| History, Spain |
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| Abd ar-Rahman, Muslim governor of Spain |
| Abd ar-Rahman I, emir of Córdoba |
| Abd ar-Rahman III, emir and caliph of Córdoba |
| Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, duque de |
| Alberoni, Giulio |
| Albornoz, Gil Álvarez Carrillo de |
| Alcalá Zamora, Niceto |
| Alfonso I, king of Aragón and Navarre |
| Alfonso II, king of Aragón |
| Alfonso III, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| Alfonso IV, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| Alfonso V, king of Aragón and Sicily |
| Alfonso I, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso II, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso III, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso IV, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso V, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso VI, king of Portugal |
| Alfonso I, Spanish king of Asturias |
| Alfonso II, Spanish king of Asturias |
| Alfonso III, Spanish king of Asturias |
| Alfonso V, Spanish king of León |
| Alfonso VI, Spanish king of León and Castile |
| Alfonso VII, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Alfonso VIII, Spanish king of Castile |
| Alfonso IX, Spanish king of León |
| Alfonso X, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Alfonso XI, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Alfonso XII, king of Spain |
| Alfonso XIII, king of Spain |
| Almeida, Antonio José de |
| Almeida, Francisco de |
| Amadeus |
| Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, conde de |
| Athanagild |
| Azaña, Manuel |
| Aznar López, José María |
| Bernardo del Carpio |
| Bourbon, Antoine de |
| Bucareli y Ursúa, Antonio María |
| Cabrera, Ramón, conde de Morella |
| Caetano, Marcello |
| Calvo Sotelo, Leopoldo |
| Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de, conde de Campomanes |
| Canalejas y Méndez, José |
| Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio |
| Carlos, prince of the Asturias |
| Carlos, second son of Charles IV of Spain |
| Carmona, António Oscar de Fragoso |
| Carrero Blanco, Luis |
| Castelar y Ripoll, Emilio |
| Castro, Inés de |
| Cervera y Topete, Pascual |
| Charles I, king of Portugal |
| Charles I, king of Spain |
| Charles II, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily |
| Charles III, king of Spain, and of Naples and Sicily |
| Charles IV, king of Spain |
| Charles of Viana |
| Chindaswinth |
| Cid |
| Companys, Luis |
| Denis |
| Diniz |
| Dionysius |
| Duarte, king of Portugal |
| Eanes, António dos Santos Ramalho |
| Éboli, Ana de Mendoza de la Cerda, princesa de |
| Elizabeth Farnese |
| Elizabeth of Valois |
| Ensenada, Zenón de Somodevilla, marqués de la |
| Escobedo, Juan de |
| Espartero, Baldomero, duque de la Victoria, conde de Luchana |
| Ferdinand I, king of Aragón and Sicily |
| Ferdinand II, king of Aragón |
| Ferdinand I, king of Portugal |
| Ferdinand II, king consort of Portugal |
| Ferdinand I, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Ferdinand II, Spanish king of León |
| Ferdinand III, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Ferdinand IV, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Ferdinand V, Spanish king of Castile |
| Ferdinand VI, king of Spain |
| Ferdinand VII, king of Spain |
| Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo |
| Fernán González |
| Figueras, Estanislao |
| Floridablanca, José Moñino, conde de |
| Franco, Francisco |
| Gil Robles, José María |
| Godoy, Manuel de |
| González Márquez, Felipe |
| Hakam II, al- |
| Henry I, Spanish king of Castile |
| Henry II, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Henry III, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Henry IV, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| Henry of Burgundy |
| Henry the Navigator |
| Ibarruri, Dolores |
| Isabella I |
| Isabella II |
| James I, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| James II, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| James I, king of Majorca |
| James II, king of Majorca |
| Jiménez de Cisneros, Francisco |
| Joanna, Spanish queen of Castile |
| John I, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| John II, king of Aragón and Sicily |
| John I, king of Portugal |
| John II, king of Portugal |
| John III, king of Portugal |
| John IV, king of Portugal |
| John V, king of Portugal |
| John VI, king of Portugal |
| John I, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| John II, Spanish king of Castile and León |
| John of Austria, 1545–78, Spanish admiral and general |
| John of Austria, 1629–79, Spanish general and statesman |
| Joseph, king of Portugal |
| Juana la Beltraneja |
| Juan Carlos I |
| Largo Caballero, Francisco |
| Leovigild |
| Lerma, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, duque de |
| Lerroux, Alejandro |
| López Bravo, Gregorio |
| Louis I, king of Portugal |
| Luna, Alvaro de |
| Maciá, Francisco |
| Mansur, al-, 914–1002, Moorish regent of Córdoba |
| Manuel I, 1469–1521, king of Portugal |
| Manuel II, 1889–1932, king of Portugal |
| Maria I |
| Maria II |
| Maria Christina, 1806–78, queen of Spain |
| Maria Christina, 1858–1929, queen of Spain |
| María de Molina |
| María Luisa |
| Martin, 1356–1410, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona |
| Martínez de Campos, Arsenio |
| Maura y Montaner, Antonio |
| Medina Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, duque de |
| Mendoza, Pedro González de |
| Miguel |
| Mola, Emilio |
| Montero Ríos, Eugenio |
| Moret y Prendergast, Segismundo |
| Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Joaquim |
| Muhammad XI, sultan of Granada |
| Narváez, Ramón María |
| Negrín, Juan |
| O’Donnell, Leopoldo |
| Olivares, Gaspar de Guzmán, conde-duque de |
| Osuna, Pedro Téllez Girón, duque de |
| Padilla, Juan de |
| Pais, Sidónio |
| Palafox, José de |
| Pedro I |
| Pelayo |
| Pereira, Nun’Álvares |
| Pérez, Antonio |
| Peter I, king of Aragón and Navarre |
| Peter II, king of Aragón |
| Peter III, king of Aragón and king of Sicily |
| Peter IV, king of Aragón |
| Peter I, king of Portugal |
| Peter II, king of Portugal |
| Peter III, king of Portugal |
| Peter IV, king of Portugal |
| Peter V, king of Portugal |
| Peter the Cruel |
| Philip I, Spanish king of Castile |
| Philip II, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily |
| Philip III, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily |
| Philip IV, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily |
| Philip V, king of Spain |
| Pi y Margall, Francisco |
| Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, marquês de |
| Portocarrero, Luis Manuel Fernández de |
| Prim, Juan |
| Primo de Rivera, José Antonio |
| Primo de Rivera, Miguel |
| Ramiro I |
| Raymond Berengar IV |
| Recared |
| Recceswinth |
| Requesens, Luis de Zúñiga y |
| Riego y Nuñez, Rafael del |
| Roderick |
| Sagasta, Práxedes Mateo |
| Salazar, António de Oliveira |
| Salmerón y Alonso, Nicolás |
| Sampaio, Jorge Fernando Branco de |
| Sancho I, king of Aragón |
| Sancho III, king of Navarre |
| Sancho I, king of Portugal |
| Sancho II, Spanish king of Castile |
| Sancho IV, Spanish king of Castile and León |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2002 Columbia University Press |
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