The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002.
Turkmenistan
(turk-men-uh-STAN, turk-men-uh-STAHN, turk-MEN-uh-stan) Republic in west-central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, by Uzbekistan to the north and northwest, by Afghanistan and Iran to the south, and by the Caspian Sea to the west. Its capital and largest city is Ashkhabad.